With a landmass of 9,093,507 km², Canada is the second-largest country in the world after Russia and takes up the northern half of North America. It boasts the longest coastline of any nation and is bordered by the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic Oceans. The Arctic islands are 800 kilometers away from the North Pole in the north. Its 8,893-kilometer land border with the United States is the longest in the world. The majority of the populace resides in a broad region that runs between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, a few hundred kilometers or less from the southern border.

The Torngats, Appalachians, and Laurentians in the east; the Rocky, Coastal, and Mackenzie ranges in the west; Mount St. Elias and the Pelly Mountains in the north; and its extensive mountain ranges are distinguishing features. The tallest peak in Canada is Mount Logan in the Yukon, at 5,959 meters.

More over two million lakes make up Canada, which accounts for 7.6 percent of its land area. The entire area of freshwater in Canada is close to 900,000 km2. The major Canadian lakes along the U.S.-Canada border are Huron, Superior, Great Slave, Winnipeg, Erie, Ontario, and Great Bear. The St. Lawrence River, which is 3,058 km long and serves as a shipping route from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, is Canada's most significant river.

Canada’s population is approximately 34.8 million, with roughly 80 percent concentrated in cities and towns. The population density ratio is one of the lowest in the world at 3.7 persons per square kilometer.

As of 2012, these are the largest Canadian cities:

Toronto (6.3 million)
Montreal (4.2 million)
Vancouver (2.6 million)
Ottawa region (1.4 million)

Canada is a federal state with a constitutional monarchy and a democratic form of government. As a result, Queen Elizabeth II is regarded as Canada's Head of State. The de facto Head of State of Canada is the Governor General, who performs Her Majesty's duties in that country on a daily basis. Canada, like many other democracies, has outlined the distinction between the Head of State and the Prime Minister, who serves as the Head of Government.

The House of Commons, which has 308 elected members, and the Senate, which has 105 appointed members, make up Canada's Parliament, which is housed in the nation's capital city of Ottawa. Members of Parliament (MPs) are chosen every four years on average. The Head of Government is the Prime Minister, who is typically the leader of the party with the most seats in the House of Commons. The 20 to 30 ministers who make up the Cabinet are chosen by the Prime Minister. Government policy is created by the Cabinet, which answers to the House of Commons.

The Cabinet-led Canadian government executes its mandate through a network of federal boards, commissions, departments, and state-owned businesses. A premier serves as the head of the legislature in each province or territory.

The province and territorial administrations are in charge of a variety of significant facets of daily life, including as education, health care, driver's licenses, and labor rules.

Municipal and local governments also play a significant role and are typically in charge of things like urban or regional planning, streets and roads, sanitation (like garbage collection), snow removal, emergency services like firefighting and ambulances, as well as recreational facilities, public transportation, and some local health and social services. Municipal police departments are present in most large urban areas.

Being accepted at a Canadian-designated educational institution is a prerequisite for submitting a study permit application. Each province or territory in Canada is in charge of running its own educational system. Options and services for students vary throughout different provinces and territories. Government regulation does not apply to several private institutions, including vocational colleges and language schools. After deciding on a school, you must submit an admissions application. You will receive a letter of admission if the school decides to accept you as a student. To submit an application for a study permit, you must have this letter. Please be aware that there are various requirements if you wish to apply to study in the province of Quebec.

Students from outside of Canada must submit an application for a study permit to the visa office in their home country or region. The particular local requirements for the documentation you must provide with your application are provided by several visa offices.

You and your spouse or common-law partner might be qualified to work part-time while you're in school in Canada. After graduation, you could be able to obtain Canadian work experience.

If you have a valid study permit, you may be able to work on the campus of the institution you attend without a work permit. You can work for the institution itself, or for a private business located on the campus. To do this, you must be a full-time student at a public university, a community college, a collège d’enseignement général et professionnel (CEGEP), a publicly funded trade or technical school or a private institution authorized to confer degrees.

Study permit holders in Canada may gain work experience by working off campus while completing their studies. As of June 1, 2014, you may qualify to work off campus without a work permit.

If you qualify, your study permit will allow you to:

•  Work up to 20 hours per week during regular academic sessions and 
•   Work full-time during scheduled breaks, such as the winter and summer holidays or  spring break.

To qualify,

• You must: have a valid study permit,
• Be a full-time student, be enrolled at a designated learning institution at the post-secondary level or, in Quebec, a vocational program at the secondary level, and 
• Be studying in an academic, vocational or professional training program that leads to a degree, diploma or certificate that is at least six months in duration.

If you are in a program with a work experience component, such as a co-op or internship placement, you will need a work permit as well as a study permit. To get a work permit, you must prove that the work experience is essential to completing your program. Acceptable proof could include a letter from the school you are attending or a copy of the school curriculum. The work experience cannot be more than 50% of your total program of study.

The Post-Graduation Work Permit Program allows you to gain valuable Canadian work experience after you have completed your studies in Canada. This can help you apply to become a permanent resident of Canada. To qualify, you must have graduated from a public or private institution that grants degrees recognized by the province or territory. These institutions may include a university, college or CEGEP. Work permits under this program are valid for the length of your study program, up to a maximum of three years.

For example, if you graduate from a four-year degree program, you could be eligible for a three-year work permit. If you graduate from an eight-month certificate program, you would be eligible for a work permit that is valid for eight months. You must apply for a post-graduation work permit within 90 days of receiving written confirmation from your educational institution that you have met the requirements for completing your academic program. With this permit, you can work in any occupation and change employers anytime.

If you are a full-time student at a recognized post-secondary institution, and you have a valid study permit, your spouse or common-law partner can apply for a permit to work in Canada. As long as they have a work permit, they can work in any occupation and change jobs at any time. These permits are valid for the same period of time as your study permit.

• Academic documents and achievements
• Passport
• Score of Acceptable English Language Test
• Letter of Acceptance
• Bank loan/bank balance
• Property valuation
• Income sources
• Tax Clearance documents
• Police report
• Relationship certificate
• Medical Examination
• Completed relevant application forms

Here are some typical costs for items and services in Canada. Please note all figures are in Canadian Dollars (CAD).